Role of Information Technology on Services of Aldermore Bank

Question-Write A report based on role of information technology of financial corporate sector company Aldermore bank? Executive summary The report is about role of information technology on services of the small financial corporate sector company ALDERMORE bank. There is a detailed discussion on the impact of the information technology on the financial services of the ALDERMORE bank. The report is stated in relevance to the role and impact of the information technology services into the business process of the company. The company has various important management strategies that it maintains in order to grow the business development of the company. The company has incorporated IT services that are mainly playing a huge success in the business process of the company. IT services followed by the company involve the process of e-business in order to increase the brand loyalty among international customers in international market. The primary activities of the company has been discussed in a more detailed manager that include the process inbound and the outbound logistics and the various financial services provided to th e customers. The online tools and the digital technology adopted by the company have been discussed in brief. Apart from that, relation between IT services and the business process has been discussed analytically. Table of Contents Introduction Understanding the role of information systems on the business of ALDERMORE BANK and relationship to globalization Impact of Information technology on Business of ALDERMORE BANK Relationship between IT and globalization Porters 5 Forces model of the organizational competitive environment Primary activities of Portes value chain Importance of IT in the successful business management of ALDERMORE BANK The important features of the information technology that the managers of ALDERMORE bank needs to know for the successful result Special protection required to protect the information technology from destruction and error Conclusion and recommendations Reference list Introduction The use of internet and information systems is extensively used by small and medium scale enterprises in the current competitive business world. Park (2009) opines that the use of information systems are used in the various departments such as operations, marketing, finance, human resources etc, that helps in managerial decision-making. In the current report, the use of information technology by a small retail bank named Aldermore Bank of UK has been critically analyzed. The bank makes use of Information technology and information systems to run its various processes and functions (Walle et al. 2010). The various financial services provided by the Aldermore Bank is that of the customers personal financial services, current and the savings account, mortgage, car financial insurance policy, and many other such attractive financial features and offers for the customers in the market. In order to grow the business, the company has initiated the process of the IT in the business strategy of the market proceedings. Understanding the role of information systems on the business of ALDERMORE BANK and relationship to globalization Information technology plays a major role in the growth and development of the business in ALDERMORE Bank. There is a close relationship between the information technology and the globalization. The business of bank is processed in such a manner as to keep a pace with the new and the innovative technology of the information technology. It plays a major role in the maintaining of s dynamic and flexible business through the help of the information technology (Asemi et al. 2011). The usage of the optimum use of the IT in the business development of ALDERMORE bank helps in the growth and the increase of the speed of the annual turnover in the revenue collection for the company. It helps in providing a slid guidance for the new and the already existing management structures. Figure 1: Role of IT in ALDERMORE bank The complete use of information technology helps the company to practice innovative activities in the business development for the ALDERMORE BANK. The application of the information technology helps the company to incorporate the basic activities in a fast and effective manner such as reduction in the operating cost, increases the organizational activity, expanding of the existing markets. The use of information technology helps the company to effectively manage their international clients through the helps of the online tools such as the social media website4s in the increase of the company brand loyalty among the customers of the company in the world wide (Brewster and Sen, 2010). The various activities that are being managed by the company of ALDERMORE bank in the company business dealings are such as maintaining the confidentiality, tax liability, prevention of fraud the monetary transactions. Impact of Information technology on Business of ALDERMORE BANK In todays era, the IT plays a major role in the business transaction of ALDERMORE Bank. The entire system of the operation of the bank has been transferred into the system of information technology. The information technology has become the production line of the todays online business. Because of this, if there is any failure in the information technology system, then it leads to the failure of the entire system of the business. It has become now clear that, the management of information technology is no longer a sole IT issue but has become a issue of the entire management issue (Citroen, 2011). The revenue and the business operation of the company has moved with a very fact pace in the market over the past few years. The information technology has moved into such increased dimensions that it has enable the growth of the company and has increased the brand loyalty of the company in the global aspect. Relationship between IT and globalization With the fast pace of the growth of the information technology in todays era, the market strategy of the entire company is now focused on the online marketing business. This enhances the grot hoof the international clients through the help of the online marketing strategy (Foote, 2014). The online system of the information technology has created a huge opportunity for the ALDERMORE bank to expand its multiple branches through the system of online marketing strategy including a strong base for the information technology. The relationship between the growth are in the global market of ALDERMORE bank in the export and the import development of the developed and the emerging trend are being shown in the following tabular chart. This shows the net growth in the developed import, developed export, emerging import and the export of the ALDERMORE bank services in the market (Fung, 2013). The report highlights in the development in the emerging market trade, that way creating a powerful network and helping the loss making companies to emerge in the market by taking the help of the trade with the developed world. Emerging market exports Growth rate in 2014 Developed import 30 % Developed export 30 % Emerging import 60 % Emerging export 55 % Table 1: Growth rate for the developed and the emerging market exports and imports The relationship of the growth of the information technology has led the company into a much newer height. The growth of the revenue has increased into a much greater height. The number of the export and import sale of the services of the financial assets of the company has been increased over the past few years. The company has introduces their system of the business processing not the online business. This has led to the increase in the growth of the company in terms of the brand loyalty in the global marker among the customers. Graph 1: Growth rate for emerging and developed market exports and imports ALDERMORE bank is making a huge amount of the profit with the help of the application of the online business process and application of the information system in the business dealings of the company. The system is much fast as compared to the previously adopted techniques in the company. Now the business competitors are expanding in a more rapid manner the global market. Therefore, the company is taking the help of the business strategies in the high resolution and the effective business strategies in the market (Luigi and Mihai, 2011). ALDERMORE bank has made huge profit of 85 % growth in the global business market with the help of the digital media and the application of the information technology such as online data processing, online marketing and online secure transaction. These activities are as a result into a maximum growth in the brand awareness and the increase of the brand loyalty among the global clients in the international market. Defining the business process and their relationship to information technology Figure 2: Link of business with IT There is strong relationship between the business process and the technology and a co-relationship to the organizational growth. It can be implied to the relation among the business process of ALDERMORE bank and the implementation of the technology on the business process and the organizational development. The IT sorts out the solution for the business challenges in the market. This ensures the implementation of the online marketing strategy such as the data processing that involves the process of the key business process and the system enhancement programme. The number of the activities adopted by the IT sector of the company that involve the online marketing tools in order to proceed for the online business marketing. Hence, it has been analyzed that there is huge co relations hip between the company business operation and the management of the information technology in the market. The advent of the information system management has created a huge advantage of the company into the market. This has created a huge opportunity into the global market in order to manage the clients of the global market condition. Porters 5 Forces model of the organizational competitive environment Figure 3: Porters 5 Forces model Potential entrants: The ALDERMORE bank has many threats from the renowned company such as the famous financial firms that making huge profit in the industry such as Airdrie Bank, Duncan Lawrie Bank, Raphaels bank etc. Bargaining power of the customers: To gain the customer loyalty, the company has managed their customers in the market. To gain control over the power of the customers, the company has followed the concept of the customer brand loyalty. Threats of substitution: There is a threat in the market for the company in terms of the new services and the products that is being constantly launched by the other potential companies in the market (Okpamen, 2013). There is always a threat in the market due to the substitution of the company by the major financial sectors giants in the global market. This has created a sense of competitive to bring the business operation of the company into a much higher pace of the height. Supplier bargaining power: The company, like ALDERMORE bank is the market strategy of charging marketers with a different set of the prices from the buyers according to the variation in the market price. When the supplier is taking the advantage from the other sectors of the leading companies in the market, as a result the company is losing the chance of the creation of and maintenance of the trust in the market. Threat of rivalry: The strategic plan adopted by the ALDERMORE bank in order to retain in the market as one leading company among the banking industries (Oyson, 2011). The other big giants in the leading market are taking advantage of the market condition. Therefore, to avoid such circumstance, the company is taking focus on technology. Primary activities of Portes value chain The primary activities of the Companys value chain activities include the following: Figure 4: Primary activities of Portes value chain Importance of IT in the successful business management of ALDERMORE BANK Product Revenue growth rate Credit 7 % Foreign exchange 8 % Capital financing 11 % Balance sheet management 13 % Debit valuation adjustment 9.5% Rates 12 % Equities 16 % Payments and cash management 11 % Principal investments 6 % Table 2: Percentage increase in the revenue growth rate of the financial assets Graph 2: Revenue growth rate of the financial assets The important features of the information technology that the managers of ALDERMORE bank needs to know for the successful result The various important components and features of the management of information technology, that the managers need to know is that of the customer satisfaction, customer relationship, providing an information technology management enterprise system ,managing the It business value, realizing the It solutions, delivering the operational services are being explained in the following. Customer relationship and satisfaction There are various management activities that the managers need to know for the maintenance of the best customer relationship and their satisfaction such as following the online feedback of the customers. IT enterprise management system The managers must be aware of the information technology issues in the faced in the business dealings such as that of the proper channel for the communication. Manage IT business value The IT business values are being managed by the information technology management system for the secure execution of the digital data in the online media (Sarhan, 2009). Realize solutions The IT issues are need to be sort out with the help of the expert guidance for the existing problems and need to be updated on a regular basis . Deliver operational service The IT service through the proper medium is executed for the successful interaction between the client and the servi9ce provider (Virgo, 2013). Support IT service and solution The mangers of the company must regularly renew and update the IT services and seek proper solutions for the current issues in the company regarding the online and digital business operation . Manage IT assets and infrastructure The IT assets and the infrastructure is needed to be secure on the part of the service providers for the sake of the service users so that any further loss in the IT resources can be overcome Table 3: IT management system The unique features of e-commerce, digital goods and the digital markets The key features of the e commerce that is included in the business models include the process of the internet business, model that involves the strategy of the e-trailer, transaction broker, market creator and the content provider. The other form of the digital goods and the digital market involves the community provider, portal creation and the service provider. The digital tools and the software are being implemented in order to proceed the business transaction in a more a secure and fast effective manner (Yushui and Jianjun, 2013). It involves the process of providing IT enterprise and the management system, managing the IT business values in the business strategy of the company, supporting the IT services and the solutions and finally the management of the IT assets and the infrastructure. E-tailer This is the process of the direct sale in the physical products to the individual customers of the individual business. Transaction broker This is the system of the online system of processing online sale transactions and generates a fee each of the time. Market creator It provides digital environment where the buyers and the sellers meet at a common platform. Content provider It includes the digital news, music photos, and the video images over then online media Community provider The community provides a common platform that provides common meeting place where the interested people can come and interact over the communication channel Portal It provides an initial point of entry into the websites and the other online services Service provider This provides a web 2.0 applications such as the photo sharing, video sharing and the user generated content as the services Advertising revenues This is the revenue generated by the selling of the information and services to the customers. Sales revenues The revenue collected with the online business strategy and the online marketing. Subscription revenues The websites offers a service and the subscription fee to be generate as a revenue made by the profit by the company in the market. Table 4: IT features Special protection required to protect the information technology from destruction and error The key protection in the information technology, security measures that include the process of confidentiality, integrity and availability includes the protective measures in the company. Information security Integrity The data integrity means maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of the data over the entire life cycle. Availability The data that are being processing in the online data communication needs to be available at very instant of the time whenever there is the demand for the data or the information to be accessed. Authenticity The authenticity deals with the genuinely of the data that needs to be processed through the online media. Non-repudiation It implies ones intention to the other party obligation to a contract. One of the party cannot deny the transaction of the other party. Through the help of the electronic commerce that uses the IT security technology such as the digital signatures and the public key encryption. Table 5: Information security system Conclusion and recommendations: As far as the security of the information system is concerned, the key feature in the management of the information technology has been discussed in the above report. This included the key features in the above report in concern to the security of the information system in the preventive measures for the data encryption and security. The various online information management and the key features of the security features of the information technology has been analyzed in terms of the market growth over the past year. As far as the security of the information, technology for the online activities of the ALDERMORE bank is concerned. Since now a days all the major activities of the finical business process are taking place with the help of the online information channel, hence these activities are to be processed in a highly secure manner. For this, often the cases of hacking of the account or the entire information network system com into the existence. The company must preventive steps in order to stops such activities that enable huge loss on the client side as wee as the company does. Reference list: Books: Walle, B., Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. (2010). Information systems for emergency management. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Park, J. (2009). Advances in information security and its application. Berlin: Springer. Gunasekaran, A. and Sandhu, M. (2010). Handbook on business information systems. Singapore: World Scientific. Journals : Asemi, A., Safari, A. and Asemi Zavareh, A. (2011). The Role of Management Information System (MIS) and Decision Support System (DSS) for Managers Decision Making Process. IJBM, 6(7). Brewster, L. and Sen, B. (2010). Quality signposting: the role of online information prescription in providing patient information. Health Information Libraries Journal, 28(1), pp.59-67. Citroen, C. (2011). The role of information in strategic decision-making. International Journal of Information Management, 31(6), pp.493-501. Foote, E. (2014). Information asymmetries and spillover risk in settlement systems. Journal of Banking Finance, 42, pp.179-190. Fung, H. (2013). Using Porter Five Forces and Technology Acceptance Model to Predict Cloud Computing Adoption among IT Outsourcing Service Providers. Internet Technologies and Applications Research, 1(2), p.18. Liu, J., Chiang, J., Yang, M. and Klein, G. (2011). Partnering effects on userdeveloper conflict and role ambiguity in information system projects. Information and Software Technology, 53(7), pp.722-729. Luigi, D. and Mihai, I. (2011). Value Chain and Customer Relationship Cycle:Two Concepts of Relationship Marketing. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, pp.103-108. Mason, S. (2012). Risk, business and e-commerce. ac, 2000(27). Morais, E., Pires, J. and Gonalves, R. (2012). E-Business Maturity: Constraints Associated With Their Evolution. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 22(3), pp.280-300 Okpamen, P. (2013). Security of Information Systems in Organization: A Bank Model. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Oyson, M. (2011). Internationalisation of value chain activities of small firms: An international value chain approach. Small Enterprise Research, 18(2), pp.100-118 Roses, L. (2011). Antecedents of End-User Satisfaction with an ERP System in a Transnational Bank: Evaluation of User Satisfaction with Information Systems. JISTEM, 8(2), pp.389-406 Sampathkumaran, P. and Wirsing, M. (2013). Financial Evaluation and Optimization of Business Processes. International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design, 4(2), pp.91-120 Sarhan, Z. (2009). Formalized Model of Stabile Reengineering Information System Functional Elements (Business Processes). J. of Computer Science, 5(12), pp.915-921 Virgo, J. (2013). Investment risk, loss, and causation: After Rubenstein v HSBC Bank Plc [2012] EWCA 1184. Trusts Trustees, 19(5), pp.430-434 YAN, J., SU, Z., LING, H., ZHU, L. and ZHANG, J. (2011). Department-role based finely granular access control model in management information system. Journal of Computer Applications, 31(2), pp.523-526 Yushui, G. and Jianjun, S. (2013). Enterprise Business Processes System Analysis and Design. IJHIT, 6(6), pp.281-290 Zhong, Y. (2011). Unity-Based Diversity: System Approach to Defining Information. Information, 2(4), pp.406-416

Piano Man Returns To Boston Garden free essay sample

Piano Man Returns to Boston Garden It was eight oclock on a Monday, and the regular crowd shuffled in. But it wasnt until 8: 20 that Billy Joel took the stage for the final Boston appearance in his 1993 River of Dreams tour. It was worth the wait. If you didnt know better, you might think that Billy Joel came to town to promote his greatest hits album; because if you were lucky enough to get tickets to one of the three sold-out shows, thats what you were treated to. The piano man opened big on the 14th (only the second show of the tour), and on the 20th he closed even bigger. For the third time, good evening, Boston. How the hell are ya? Last year we started the tour in Worcester. This year I thought wed start the tour downtown, said Joel, once again reaffirming his excitement to be back in the North End for the first time since the 70s. We will write a custom essay sample on Piano Man Returns To Boston Garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout his two hours of stage work, Joel did everything from his best Bob Dylan impersonation to an opinion poll about his beard. Amid incredible lighting effects, Joel reeled off hits like Pressure, Allentown, and My Life, while mixing in a few tracks from his new album The River of Dreams. Joel even donned the accordion for a rendition of his Storm Front tune, The Downeaster Alexa. When I went to school, said Joel, if you took piano lessons, they beat the [ ] out of you, and if you played the accordion, theyd really kill you. But it was Joel who did the killing as the real show began when he slipped into a moving rendition of Goodnight Saigon complete with blasting helicopter sound effects, followed by We Didnt Start the Fire, an energetic You May Be Right, and a finale of the classic Only the Good Die Young. To no surprise, Joel came back for a two-song encore. Surprising, however was his rendition of the Elvis great All Shook Up for the first time in over a year, before he moved into an antics-filled performance of Big Shot. Just moments after he said his second good-bye, Joel returned to the stage for a final encore. The crowds anticipation erupted as Joel took the centerstage piano with harmonica in hand. Cleverly faking out the crowd, Joel began to play the first few lines of one of his less notable songs before stopping and breaking out into his masterpiece, Piano Man. The night could not have ended any better as the band fell silent upon the last chorus to hear 15,000 fans sing to Joel, Sing us a song, youre the piano man. Sing us a song tonight. For were all in the mood for a melody, and youve got us feeling all right. n Review by E. G., Framingham, MA

Theology Essays - Religion, Catholic Theology, God, Jesus, Faith

Theology Essays - Religion, Catholic Theology, God, Jesus, Faith Theology Many children are brought up as Catholics and remain Catholics, while many children grow up to hate the religion. Should parents press their children to be Catholic? Cant their children lead good and fulfilling lives without the theological baggage attained when one chooses to become religious? What is the difference that an ecclesial faith in Jesus Christ makes for a human being and for the world? Having faith in God gives people unchanging morals, guidance and something to believe in besides chance. Morals are different in every society and change over time as peoples values and views change. Though atheists can have good morals, their principles may change over time. Instead of following what is going on in our society, having faith in God and his ways gives unchanging morals that are always appropriate and peace everlasting. It gives Catholics security knowing that what they are doing is right. Jesus used these invitational and provocative forms of speech aphorisms and parables to subvert conventional ways of seeing and living, and to invite his hearers to alternate way of life.(Borg, p. 75) How people view life and what they believe in determine how they will live their life. Having set morals instilled in them through Catholicism, children may be more inclined to be good. Being raised a certain way does not guarantee that a person will follow what they were brought up to believe. Raising a child as Catholic though makes a person more prone to leading a virtuous life. Also, m orals give Catholic families an anchor. When everyone believes in the same morals it creates unity and keeps peace. Following Gods ways according to Borg is The narrow way, the way less traveled, is the alternative wisdom of Jesus. The way less traveled is life in the spirit and the life that Jesus himself knew. Our cultures secular wisdom does not affirm the reality of the Spirit; the only reality about which it is certain is the visible world of our ordinary experience.(Borg, p. 87) Atheists look to the material world for purpose and contentment. They measure their self-worth according to how well they attained these values based on materialism, and if succeed they may find the rewards not fulfilling. Living the way less traveled is living a life centered in Christ in hope of fulfillment through Christ that is not based on materialism. Catholics feel they always have someone (God), someone that will never betray them and that will in the end make them content. Having faith in God gives us guidance. As we make decisions everyday, we sometimes get confused on what we should do. At these times, we can turn to God and think what would Jesus do? While some decisions may be as small as whether or not to keep the money when a cashier gives you too much change back, other decisions may be life changing. In the message and activity of Jesus, we see an alternative social vision: a community shaped not by the ethos and politics of purity, but by the ethos and politics of compassion. Jesus believed in compassion. He did not feel that it was right to have a purity system that either made you really good or really bad. The purity system said that if you were a gentile, not whole (leprosy, damaged testicles or missing penis), female, poor etc., you were impure. Jesus did not feel this was fair. He went against this and helped those considered impure and even dined with them. Having a stance on compassion led to a society where everyone is included. Thoug h most of society believed in the purity system, Jesus made the decision to go against what he believed was wrong. Just because something is tradition does not make it right. Catholics are able to look at the actions of Jesus and apply how he made his choices to their own life knowing that their decision will be morally correct. While atheists just hope that things will turn out well, Catholics believe that their will is in Gods hands. Because Catholics believe this, they receive a sense of peace knowing that whatever happens, good or bad, it is in Gods hands and is for their betterment. My

Positions for and Against Abortion

Positions for and Against Abortion Many points come up in the abortion debate. Heres a look at abortion from both sides: 10 arguments for abortion and 10 arguments against abortion, for a total of 20 statements that represent a range of topics as seen from both sides. Pro-Life Arguments Since life begins at conception, abortion is akin to murder as it is the act of taking human life. Abortion is in direct defiance of the commonly accepted idea of the sanctity of human lifeNo civilized society permits one human to intentionally harm or take the life of another human without punishment, and abortion is no different.Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result. And with 1.5 million American families wanting to adopt a child, there is no such thing as an unwanted child.An abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies doubles and the chance of a miscarriage and pelvic inflammatory disease also increases.In the instance of rape and incest, proper medical care can ensure that a woman will not get pregnant. Abortion punishes the unborn child who committed no crime; instead, it is the perpetrator who should be punished.Abortion should not be used as another form of contraception.For women who dema nd complete control of their body, control should include preventing the risk of unwanted pregnancy through the responsible use of contraception or, if that is not possible, through abstinence. Many Americans who pay taxes are opposed to abortion, therefore its morally wrong to use tax dollars to fund abortion.Those who choose abortions are often minors or young women with insufficient life experience to understand fully what they are doing. Many have lifelong regrets afterward.Abortion frequently causes intense psychological pain and stress. Pro-Choice Arguments Nearly all abortions take place in the first trimester when a fetus is attached by the placenta and umbilical cord to the mother. As such, its health is dependent on her health, and cannot be regarded as a separate entity as it cannot exist outside her womb.The concept of personhood is different from the concept of human life. Human life occurs at conception, but fertilized eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives and those not implanted are routinely thrown away. Is this murder, and if not, then how is abortion murder?Adoption is not an alternative to abortion because it remains the womans choice whether or not to give her child up for adoption. Statistics show that very few women who give birth choose to give up their babies; less than 3 percent of white unmarried women and less than 2 percent of percent black​ unmarried women.Abortion is a safe medical procedure. The vast majority of women (88 percent) who have an abortion do so in their first trimester. Me dical abortions have less than 0.5 percent risk of serious complications and do not affect a womans health or future ability to become pregnant or give birth. In the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. Often a woman is too afraid to speak up or is unaware she is pregnant, thus the morning after pill is ineffective in these situations.Abortion is not used as a form of contraception. Pregnancy can occur even with responsible contraceptive use. Only 8Â  percent of women who have abortions do not use any form of birth control, and that is due more to individual carelessness than to the availability of abortion.The ability of a woman to have control of her body is critical to civil rights. Take away her reproductive choice and you step onto a slippery slope. If the government can force a woman to continue a pregnancy, what about forcing a woman to use contraception or undergo sterilization?Taxpayer dollars are used to enable poor women to access the same medical services as rich women, and abortion is one of these services. Funding abortion is no differ ent from funding a war in the Mideast. For those who are opposed, the place to express outrage is in the voting booth. Teenagers who become mothers have grim prospects for the future. They are much more likely to leave school; receive inadequate prenatal care; rely on public assistance to raise a child; develop health problems; or end up divorced.Like any other difficult situation, abortion creates stress. Yet the American Psychological Association found that stress was greatest prior to an abortion and that there was no evidence of post-abortion syndrome.

President Kennedy and Civil Rights Research Paper

President Kennedy and Civil Rights - Research Paper Example Author Shelly Sommer presents John F. Kennedy in his book, â€Å"John F Kennedy: His life and legacy† in many roles such as a boy, a young adolescent, a hero of wars, a husband, a great politician, and finally the youngest President of America. But the question should be raised that whether John F. Kennedy really cared about civil rights or it was just to defeat Nixon in office and be the President of America? The votes of African American people were as much important for him as the whites and so President Kennedy has to make his way to the office anyhow. When two African American students, Vivian Malone and James Hood decided to take admission in the University of Alabama in summers of 1963, President John F. Kennedy- a spirited and energetic leader of that time led the movement of Civil rights to let these students enter the university. He challenged the southern courts to take notice of the situation and take into consideration this issue to grant equal rights to African A mericans as well. On the evening of September 30, 1963, President delivered a speech in which he issued a declaration that Mississippi should abolish segregation and let African American students attend the college. ...   He asked for a federal legislature for the rights of African Americans and thus his words were transformed into actions after his death when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted. ( Blaustein, Albert P, and Robert L. Zangrando. Civil Rights and the American Negro: A Documentary History). Critics of Kennedy Supporting Civil Rights’ Some people, however, believed that John F. Kennedy was not much interested in civil rights; rather he was famous for Cold War issues and Cuban Missile Crisis. This belief was not pointless. Kennedy’s attitudes towards Civil Rights before the election campaign proved it to be true. He voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1957 by Eisenhower. Kennedy wanted to serve the Democrats in the elections of 1960s, and to do so he has to oppose the bill as Democrats were in the opposition to the bill at that time. Finally, Kennedy won the elections as leader of the Democratic Party in 1960 and defeated Nixon. This act of Kennedy proves that all h e did was his personal gains and he has no interests in the rights or equality of African Americans. Kennedy suddenly converted or changed his point of view when he was nominated as a candidate from Democratic Party for the Presidential Elections of 1960. He delivered speeches promising equal rights to African Americans and preserving their dignity and sovereignty. Historians are confused over this abrupt change in the attitude. Supporters of Kennedy see the antagonism toward the Civil Act of 1957 as a political necessity.

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example In his opinion, Alexander was different from his peers and would relieve the people from oppression. Jefferson believed that the monarchy system was a flawed system, but also understood that not all societies had reached the level required to sustain a republic. He had a great admiration for Tsar Alexander and even wrote to him constantly to commend him for his good character. He believed that Alexander was an enlightened monarch who would alleviate the suffering of his people. He even asked Alexander to mediate the ongoing dispute between the United States and Britain. The author of the ‘Three Emperors’ feels that it is because of this admiration for Alexander that Jefferson accepted the gift. In the parlor, President Jefferson placed the bust opposite the bust of Napoleon to show that the two were totally different. The author of this book feels that these two rulers were not different from each other, but just had different ways of doing the same thing. The author feels that the distinction should have been Jefferson and the European rulers. Jefferson was concerned with access to land and the international trade for the state to flourish. The author states that Jefferson was pragmatic in the means he used to achieve the success of his people, although he was guided by clear ideological visions. Jefferson used statecraft means to achieve his goals of protecting the interests of the people of America from a world that he believed was hostile. Jefferson’s way of leadership showed that he belonged to the idealist school of thought that believes that the policies that determine action in America, should be based on moral principles. Jefferson was able to achieve his long-term diplomatic success by using moral principles and a righteous tone. He envisioned a world where disputes between nations were resolved amicably without resulting in war. He used different means to attain whatever he wanted, but the results were consistent. I would hold

Formation and Evolution Essay Example for Free

Formation and Evolution Essay A black hole is a theoretical region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, not even electromagnetic radiation (e. g. visible light), can escape its pull after having fallen past its event horizon. Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity, and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a black hole. On the other hand, a black hole exerts the same force on something far away from it as any other object of the same mass would. For example, if our Sun was magically crushed until it was about 1 mile in size, it would become a black hole, but the Earth would remain in its same orbit. Even back in Isaac Newtons time, scientists speculated that such objects could exist, even though we now know they are more accurately described using Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. Using this theory, black holes are fascinating objects where space and time become so warped that time practically stops in the vicinity of a black hole. The former types have measured masses ranging from 4 to 15 Suns, and are believed to be formed during supernova explosions. The after-effects are observed in some X-ray binaries known as black hole candidates. On the other hand, galaxy-mass black holes are found in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). These are thought to have the mass of about 10 to 100 billion Suns. The mass of one of these super massive black holes has recently been measured using radio astronomy. X-ray observations of iron in the accretion disks may actually be showing the effects of such a massive black hole as well. Formation and Evolution The primary formation process for black holes is expected to be the gravitational collapse of heavy objects such as stars, but there are also more exotic processes that can lead to the production of black holes. Gravitational collapse occurs when an objects internal pressure is insufficient to resist the objects own gravity. For stars this usually occurs either because a star has too little fuel left to maintain its temperature, or because a star which would have been stable receives a lot of extra matter in a way which does not raise its core temperature. In either case the stars temperature is no longer high enough to prevent it from collapsing under its own weight. The result is one of the various types of compact star. Which type of compact star is formed depends on the mass of the remnant the matter left over after changes triggered by the collapse (such as supernova or pulsations leading to a planetary nebula) have blown away the outer layers. If the mass of the remnant exceeds ~3-4 solar masses (the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit)—either because the original star was very heavy or because the remnant collected additional mass through accretion of matter)—even the degeneracy pressure of neutrons is insufficient to stop the collapse. After this no known mechanism (except maybe the quark degeneracy pressure, see quark star) is powerful enough to stop the collapse and the object will inevitably collapse to a black hole. This gravitational collapse of heavy stars is assumed to be responsible for the formation of most (if not all) stellar mass black holes. Once a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing additional matter. Any black hole will continually absorb interstellar dust from its direct surroundings and omnipresent cosmic background radiation, but neither of these processes should significantly affect the mass of a stellar black hole. Properties of Black Holes According to the No Hair theorem a black hole has only three independent physical properties: mass, charge and angular momentum. Any two black holes that share the same values for these properties are indistinguishable. This contrasts with other astrophysical objects such as stars, which have very many—possibly infinitely many—parameters. Consequently, a great deal of information is lost when a star collapses to form a black hole. Since in most physical theories information is preserved (in some sense), this loss of information in black holes is puzzling. Black Hole Types The simplest possible black hole is one that has mass but neither charge nor angular momentum. These black holes are often referred to as Schwarzschild black holes after the physicist Karl Schwarzschild who discovered this solution in 1915. It was the first (non-trivial) exact solution to the Einstein equations to be discovered, and according to Birkhoffs theorem, the only vacuum solution that is spherically symmetric. The Reissner-Nordstrom solution describes a black hole with electric charge, while the Kerr solution yields a rotating black hole. The most general known stationary black hole solution is the Kerr-Newman metric having both charge and angular momentum. Sizes Black holes occurring in nature are commonly classified according to their mass, independent of angular momentum J. The size of a black hole, as determined by the radius of the event horizon, or Schwarzschild radius, is proportional to the mass through where is the Schwarzschild radius and is the mass of the Sun. Thus, size and mass have a simple relationship, which is independent of rotation. According to this mass/size criterion then, black holes are commonly classified as Super massive black holes, Intermediate-mass black holes, Stellar-mass black holes, Micro black holes Conclusion There is very good evidence from astronomical observations that the universe is full of black holes with sizes ranging from six to a billion solar masses in size. Black hole accretion power is responsible for some of the most spectacular phenomena in the universe. These phenomena are NOT well understood, however, largely because of the complexity of the physics of the central accretion flow. There is little doubt, though, that black holes exist at the heart of active galactic nuclei, quasars, and certain X-ray binaries. Accretion power is an important contributor to the overall evolution and ecology of the universe. Electromagnetic observations are currently probing the innermost parts of accretion flows, and revealing interesting effects of the relativistic space-time assuming our models of the flows are not WAY wrong. How can one prove the existence of black holes, short of a suicidal leap across an event horizon? Detection of gravitational waves ripples in the fabric of space-time itself, is perhaps the only way. Currently astronomers view black holes if they are lit up electromagnetically a very biased view! Black holes which are lit up gravitationally may offer a very differently biased view. Works cited Kraus, Ute. Step by Step into a Black Hole. (2005-03-20) Remillard, Ronald A. ; McClintock, X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. (2006) 44: 49–92. Celotti, A. ; Miller, J. C. ; Sciama, D. W. , Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes, (1999) Class. Quant. Grav. 16. Hawking, S. W. ; Penrose, R. , The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology, (1970) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon 314 (1519): 529–548 Schwarzschild, Karl , Uber das Gravitationsfeld eines Kugel aus inkompressibler Flussigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie(1916), Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. D. Wiss. : 424–434.